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发表于 2007-5-9 10:01:33
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思科ASA和PIX防火墙配置手册 第九章
九、防火墙工作状态验证
9.1 防火墙健康检查
CPU负荷 Firewall# show cpu usage (show cpu usage context all 正常应该在80%以下)
Show processes显示防火墙当前活动进程,一般关注Process和Runtime。
内存利用 Firewall# show memory
Xlate 表大小 Firewall# show xlate count
Conn 表大小 Firewall# show conn count
防火墙流量 使用PDM,Syslog, show traffic来计算或者Perfmon计数器 Firewall# show perfmon Firewall(config)# perfmon interval seconds ,perfmon {verbose | quiet}
Inspection引擎和Service Policy Firewall# show service-policy
Failover Firewall# show failover
端口状态 Firewall# show interface, 包队列状态 Firewall# show priority-queue statistics [if_name]
9.2 流经防火墙数据的监控
特性介绍 对于流经防火墙数据的监控有两种方式capture session和debug packet,两者区别在于前者可以后处理,多个进程,CPU和内存利用率低,后者是实时显示,同时只能一个进程,且对资源利用率高,后者在7.x后已经不被支持。
配置Capture
配置兴趣流量的ACL Firewall(config)# access-list acl_id [line line-num] [extended] permit protocol {source_addr source_mask [operator sport] [destination_addr destination_mask [operator dport]]
配置Capture Firewall# capture capture_name [access-list acl_name] [ethernet-type type]
[interface if-name] [buffer bytes] [circular-buffer] [packet-length bytes]
(7.x支持type {raw-data | isakmp | asp-drop drop-reason}参数)
show capture显示当前的Capture会话,Firewall# show capture capture_name [access-list acl_name] [detail] [dump] 显示所抓包的信息。Firewall# copy capture:capture-name tftp://server/path [pcap] 拷贝信息至TFTP,如果启用http后可以用https://firewall_address/capture/capture_name[/pcap]通过Web来显示或者下载。
clear capture capture_name清空capture缓存但是保持会话,no capture capture_name interface if_name停止capture,从特定接口去除保持会话和缓存,no capture capture_name彻底删除会话和缓存。
配置Debug模式 Firewall# debug packet if_name [src source_ip [netmask mask]] [dst dest_ip [netmask mask]] [[proto icmp] | [proto {tcp | udp} [sport src_port] [dport
dest_port]] [rx | tx | both]
9.3 验证防火墙的连接性
Ping测试 Firewall# ping [if_name] host [data pattern] [repeat count] [size bytes] [timeout seconds] [validate]
ARP缓存检查 show arp
路由表检查 show route
Traceroute测试 traceroute命令前提配置 Firewall(config)# access-list acl_name permit icmp any any eq echo
Firewall(config)# access-list acl_name permit icmp any any eq echo-reply
Firewall(config)# access-list acl_name permit icmp any any eq unreachable
Firewall(config)# access-list acl_name permit icmp any any eq time-exceeded
Firewall(config)# access-list acl_name permit udp any range 32768 65535 any range
33434 33523
Firewall(config)# access-list acl_name permit udp any dns_address eq domain (可选)
ACL检查 show access-group, show access-list
NAT验证 Firewall# show xlate [detail] [global | local ip1[-ip2] [netmask mask]] lport |
gport port[-port]] [interface if1[,if2][,ifn]] [state static [,dump]
[,portmap] [,norandomseq] [,identity]] [debug] [count]
Firewall# show xlate [{global | local} ip1[-ip2] [netmask mask]] [{lport | gport}
port[-port]] [interface if1[,if2][,ifn]] [state {static | portmap | identity |
norandomseq}] [debug] [detail]
Firewall# show conn [state state_type] [{foreign | local} ip1[-ip2] netmask mask]
[long] [{lport | fport} port1[-port2]] [protocol {tcp | udp}]
监控特定主机 Firewall# show local-host [ip_address] [all] [detail]
Firewall# clear xlate global global_ip [netmask mask] [gport global_port]
Firewall# clear xlate local local_ip [netmask mask] [lport local_port]
Firewall# clear xlate interface if_name_1[,if_name_2]
Firewall# clear xlate
超时参数Firewall(config)# timeout xlate hh[:mm[:ss]]
Firewall(config)# timeout conn hh[:mm[:ss]]
Firewall(config)# half-closed hh[:mm[:ss]]
Firewall(config)# udp hh[:mm[:ss]]
Shun检查 show shun, show shun statistics
用户认证检查 show uauth show url-server stats
配置更新检查 启用AAA记录用户命令记录 |
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