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安装步骤:
系统为Solaris 10,全新完全安装。
一、获取相关开源程序:
1、下载程序源码包到当前目录:
本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2008年5月14日的最新稳定版。我将它们打了三个压缩包。
2、解压缩:
cat xa*.tar > ngi-solaris10.tar.bz2
bzip2 -d cat xa*.tar > ngi-solaris10.tar.bz2
tar xf cat xa*.tar > ngi-solaris10.tar
顺便记录下分卷的命令
tar cf target.tar source1 source2 source3
bzip2 -z --best target.tar
split -b 5m ngi-solaris10.tar.bz2
二、安装PHP 5.2-lastest(FastCGI模式)
1、编译安装PHP 5.2-lastest 所需的支持库:
配置PATH,因为Solaris 10把一些东西放得比较乱。
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/dt/bin:/usr/openwin/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/sfw/bin:/usr/ucb
export PATH
配置类库位置,否则安装时可能会出现某某.so未被发现
crle -c /var/ld/ld.config -l /usr/local/lib:/usr/lib:/lib
tar xf libiconv-1.12.tar
cd libiconv-1.12/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar xf freetype-2.3.5.tar
cd freetype-2.3.5/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
tar xf libpng-1.2.29.tar
cd libpng-1.2.29/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
tar xf jpegsrc.v6b.tar
cd jpeg-6b/
./configure --enable-static --enable-shared
make
make install
make install-lib
cd ../
#----If your system was install libxml2, you do not need to install it.----
#tar xf libxml2-2.6.32.tar
#cd libxml2-2.6.32/
#./configure
#make
#install
#cd ../
tar xf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar xf mhash-0.9.9.tar
cd mhash-0.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
cp /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.* /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
tar xf mcrypt-2.6.7.tar
cd mcrypt-2.6.7/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
注:若出现You need at least libmhash 0.8.15 to compile this program可以这样configure
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib ./configure
tar xf curl-7.18.1.tar
cd curl-7.18.1
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
2、编译安装MySQL 5.0.51b
tar zxvf mysql-5.0.51b.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.0.51b
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --without-debug --with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=gbk,gb2312,utf8 --with-pthread --enable-thread-safe-client
make && make install
cd ../
附:以下为附加步骤,如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库,则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库,能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库,那么,以下两步无需执行。
①、拷贝文件,建立环境:
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cp mysql-5.0.51b/support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf
②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表:
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data --user=mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid --skip-locking --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
③、启动MySQL(最后的&表示在后台运行)
/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf &
3、编译安装PHP(FastCGI模式)
wget http://snaps.php.net/php5.2-latest.tar.gz
tar zxvf php5.2-latest.tar.gz
cd php5.2-200805140830
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir --enable-xml --disable-debug --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt
configure我出现错误,more了下debug.log后发现未找到libmysqlclient.so.15,如下处理:
ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.15.0.0 /usr/local/lib/libmysqlclient.so.15
###以下这两句为原文作者为修复libiconv问题所写的Linux语句,我翻译为Solaris,但php5.2-lastest应该修正了这个问题,因此,并没有使用
###sed 's/ -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt/ -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt -liconv/' Makefile >mmm
###cp mmm Makefile
make
由于该主机在局域网内,未连接internet,需要在别的机器上先
wget http://pear.php.net/install-pear-nozlib.phar
后 cp install-pear-nozlib.phar pear
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
注:
①在安裝 PHP 到系統中時要是發生「undefined reference to `libiconv_open'」之類的錯誤訊息,那表示在「./configure 」沒抓好一些環境變數值。錯誤發生點在建立「-o sapi/cli/php」時出錯,沒給到要 link 的 iconv 函式庫參數。
快速的解法是:
編輯 Makefile 大約 70 行左右的地方:
EXTRA_LIBS = ..... -lcrypt
在最後加上 -liconv,例如:
EXTRA_LIBS = ..... -lcrypt -liconv
然後重新再次 make 即可。
②编译过程中出现Undefined symbol mysql_set_character_set 则在编译参数后加--with-readline
4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar xf memcache-2.2.1.tar
cd memcache-2.2.1/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
cd php5.2-200805140830/ext/gd/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-ttf --with-freetype-dir --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../../../
注:
①phpize 时若出现未发现/usr/local/bin/autom4te或/usr/local/bin/autoheader,从sunfreeware重下了 m4后安装仍出错。后more了下/usr/local/bin/autom4te发现是perl未找到
ln -s /usr/perl5/5.8.4/bin/perl /usr/local/bin/perl
②2个phpize我都出现了大量的warning,但并不影响安装
5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改:查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行,然后保存:
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "gd.so"
自动修改:若嫌手工修改麻烦,可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "gd.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
6、创建www用户和组,以及其使用的目录:
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /webroot
chmod +w /webroot
chown -R www:www /webroot
7、安装lighttpd中附带的spawn-fcgi,用来启动php-cgi
tar xf lighttpd-1.4.19.tar
cd lighttpd-1.4.19
./configure
make
cp ./src/spawn-fcgi /usr/local/webserver/php/bin
chmod +x /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/spawn-fcgi
8、启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的10080端口,进程数为64(如果服务器内存小于3GB,可以只开启25个进程),用户为www:
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10080 -C 64 -u www -f /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-cgi
三、安装Nginx 0.6.31
1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库:
tar xf pcre-7.7.tar
cd pcre-7.7/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
2、安装Nginx(支持ssl)
tar xf nginx-0.6.31.tar
cd nginx-0.6.31/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl=/src/openssl-0.9.8h
make && make install
cd ../
用openssl生成证书:
openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -out /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/slit.crt -keyout /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/slit.key
3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4、创建Nginx配置文件
①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件:
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容:
user www www;
worker_processes 10;
error_log /webroot/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use eventport;
worker_connections 51200;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
#sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/html application/xml;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /webroot;
if (-d $request_filename)
{
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
location ~ .*\.php?$
{
include fcgi.conf;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:10080;
fastcgi_index index.php;
}
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /webroot/logs/access.log access;
}
server
{
listen 83;
location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
server
{
listen 443;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/slit.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/slit.key;
server_name localhost;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /webroot/new.slit.cn;
rewrite ^/shop/([0-9]+)$ /shop.php?action=shopindex&shopid=$1;
rewrite ^/shop/(.*)$ /$1;
rewrite ^/bbs/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ /bbs/archiver/index.php?$1 last;
rewrite ^/bbs/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /bbs/forumdisplay.php?fid=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite ^/bbs/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /bbs/viewthread.php?tid=$1&extra=page
\%3D$3&page=$2 last;
rewrite ^/bbs/tag-(.+)\.html$ /bbs/tag.php?name=$1 last;
if (-d $request_filename)
{
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
location ~ .*\.php?$
{
include fcgi.conf;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:10080;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 120;
fastcgi_send_timeout 180;
fastcgi_read_timeout 180;
}
}
}
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件:
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
输入以下内容:
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /usr/bin/nginx
# pidfile: /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.pid
# config: /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
NGINX_HOME=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin
NGINX_CONF=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf
PHP_HOME=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin
if [ ! -f "$NGINX_HOME/nginx" ]
then
echo "nginxserver startup: cannot start"
exit
fi
case "$1" in
'start')
$PHP_HOME/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10080 -C 25 -u www -f $PHP_HOME/php-cgi
sleep 1
$NGINX_HOME/nginx -c $NGINX_CONF/nginx.conf
echo "nginx start successful"
;;
'stop')
pkill -TERM php-cgi
pkill -TERM nginx
;;
'stopcgi')
pkill -TERM php-cgi
;;
'startcgi')
$PHP_HOME/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10080 -C 25 -u www -f $PHP_HOME/php-cgi
;;
'reload')
kill -HUP `cat $NGINX_CONF/nginx.pid`
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|startcgi|stopcgi}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
exit 0
增加文件链接
ln -s /usr/bin/nginx /etc/rc3.d/S90nginx
##尚未进行优化,以下为原作者所写
五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
使配置立即生效:
/sbin/sysctl -p
相关资源:
利用Nginx替代apache实现高性能的Web环境
Nginx+Fastcgi+eAccelerator+Zend Optimizer安装Nginx(负载均衡器)
Nginx安装和配置 |
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